AWD is disabled above 50mph, which is why it goes away at 50mph.
The noise is dependent on the traction control programming, which is why it goes away when it is below 40F (It's really 37F I believe, which seems to be the industry standard bridges may be icy warning temp). Once it is cold enough it switches to a different TC algorithm when in auto mode for the 4wd. It should also greatly diminish in wet weather. In my experience the noise happens, but in a much narrower range of circumstances when it is very wet. (My daily commute from 2015 to 2019 had about 12 miles in the noise sweet spot, so I got to analyze it a lot in spring, summer, and fall).
As for it being a bearing problem, I don't think it is defective or worn bearings, and I don't think it wears out the bearings. Primarily because we haven't seen lots of complaints of failing RDUs. If your bearings are making noise, they tend to not last that long. I got a bum RDU with my 2015. It was only about 3000 miles before the 37mph grinding noise was WAY louder and happened from 10mph to 70mph.